The Irish teacher jailed indefinitely for refusing to ‘call a boy a girl’: Christian Enoch Burke who wouldn’t use a transgender pupil’s pronouns refuses to obey order to stay away from school that sacked him – and supporters claim the country is behind him

• Enoch Burke flouted a court order to stay away from school following suspension
• Read More:  School trust backs down and apologises for plans to introduce trans education programme for children as young as four

It’s the trans rights row that has gripped Ireland for well over a year – but the case of Enoch Burke shows no sign of being resolved any time soon.

In May 2022, the former teacher – who taught History and German at Wilson’s Hospital School in County Westmeath – refused to refer to a transitioning transgender student as ‘they’ rather than ‘he’.

During a meeting between the headteacher and his deputy, Mr Burke said that his Evangelical Christian beliefs meant he was ‘opposed transgenderism’.

Following this, Burke reportedly publicly questioned the headteacher’s decision following a service at the Church of Ireland school and was accused of ‘breaching the confidence’ of the transitioning student.

As a result, the teacher was suspended with pay and later fired for gross misconduct in August 2022.

Pictured: Enoch Burke arrives at the Court of Appeal in Dublin in February 2023, where he appealed court orders to stay away from Wilson’s Hospital School in County Westmeath

Pictured: Former History and German teacher Enoch Burke seen outside Wilson’s Hospital School in January 2023, violating their court order to stay away

However, Burke continued showing up at the school – prompting his former employer to obtain a court order to get the teacher to stay away.

In September 2022, Burke was jailed for 100 days for ignoring the court order. 

During an appeal, the teacher argued that he was being imprisoned because of his Christian beliefs.

After being released, Burke was imprisoned for the second time in September 2023 for refusing to stay away from the school again – and has been told he will remain in prison indefinitely until he agrees to comply with the court order.

Here FEMAIL delves into the case that has gripped Ireland – as Burke’s family campaigns for his release without having to ‘endorse transgenderism’.

Beginning of trans row

Last Spring, headteacher Niamh McShane sent an email to her staff informing them of the student’s new name and pronouns.

After receiving the email, Burke is said to have raised his issue with the change of pronouns during a staff meeting on 10 May 2022. 

Pictured: Wilson’s Hospital School in County Westmeath, Ireland. The former teacher took issue with the former headteacher asking staff to refer to a transgender student by their new name and pronouns

Enoch Burke’s mother, father, sister and brother seen protesting outside Ballinrobe Community School in November on the day it was being visited by Norma Foley, the Minister for Education 

While giving evidence in a later trial, deputy headteacher John Galligan said that Burke ‘erupted’ during the meeting and ‘changed colour completely’.

According to the former deputy head, Burke – whose ‘forte’ was said to have been extracurricular debating – spoke for a ‘good five to eight minutes’.

After this, guidance counsellor Freda Malone told a court that she approached Burke to tell him she was sorry he was so upset and noted that he had tears in his eyes. 

In a follow-up meeting between the headteacher, her deputy and Burke, Mr Galligan claimed the jailed teacher repeated how he was ‘opposed to transgenderism’ as a result of his religion. 

Following this, Burke is said to have publicly interjected after a religious service celebrating the school’s 260th anniversary to criticise Ms McShane’s supposed ‘demand’ that staff refer to the student by their chosen pronouns.

Pictured: Enoch Burke being removed by Gardaí on 25 January 2023 after following a bus through school gates

Pictured: Enoch’s mother Martina protested outside the school, where the annual carol concert was being held, last night 

Following the chapel service, Burke is alleged to have approached the headteacher at a meal where he asked her to withdraw her ‘demand’ again.

As a result of this, the headteacher believed Burke was guilty of gross misconduct – as other students may not have been aware the student was transitioning. 

Ms Freda Malone, who worked at the school as a guidance counsellor, claims Burke ‘breached the confidence’ of the student on two occasions during that occasion.

Speaking at a High Court hearing in March 2023, Ms Malone said the headteacher was escorted home by other guests at the event and they later ‘formed a ring’ around her home out of concern for her safety.

Discussing the incidents in court, headteacher Ms McShane – – who stepped down amid the controversy – said: ‘The public statement of his refusal to accept transgenderism in the chapel… it was as [if] the school had demanded to accept transgenderism, which was not the case, so it was a misrepresentation of what happened. 

‘What I asked is that we could support the student in their request, that is very different to ask the staff to accept transgenderism.’

Initial Suspension and Protest 

In August 2022, Ms McShane submitted a stage-four report to the chair of the board John Rogers about Burke’s outbursts – which prompted the representative to arrange a meeting with the teacher.

Former deputy headteacher Mr Galligan claimed the jailed teacher (pictured outside the Court of Appeal in March 2023) repeated how he was ‘opposed to transgenderism’ as a result of his religion

Pictured: Wilson’s Hospital School’s former headteacher Ms Niamh McShane leaves the Irish High Court in March 2023

The purpose of the meeting was to decide if Burke should be suspended or face any kind of disciplinary.

Burke’s sister Ammi is said to have joined him for the meeting – which was adjourned  for 15 minutes by Mr Rodgers, who said it was ‘going nowhere’.

When the representatives returned to the meeting room, Enoch and Ammi Burke had left.

After this, the board made the unanimous decision to place Enoch on paid leave while they dealt with the misconduct allegation. 

According to Mr Galligan, there were growing concerns ‘about what [Burke’s] next protest might and the form it would take’ in the new school year.

Despite being put on leave, Burke is said to have attended a staff meeting at the start of the school year.

After repeatedly arriving on school grounds, Burke was allegedly asked to leave ‘every hour’ by the deputy head.

Enoch Burke seen arriving at the High Court, Dublin, after he was committed to Mountjoy Prison in Dublin for breaching a temporary court order that he was to stay away from his workplace

The ex-deputy head said: ‘[Burke] would be there for the day, standing in the room reading from a book. That’s where he remained.’

Mr Galligan says Burke refused to leave the premises – insisting he was ‘there to work and attend meetings’. 

In May 2023, the Irish High Court ruled that the school had acted lawfully in suspending Burke and said Enoch had been ‘trespassing’ on their grounds.

First prison sentence 

In an attempt to keep Burke away from the premises while they conducted the investigation, the school took out a temporary court order against the teacher – which still didn’t deter him.

In August 2022, Enoch was sued by the school for his failure to comply with the court order and later arrested for being in contempt of court.

At his initial hearing on 6 September 2022, Mr Burke told Judge Quinn: ‘I am a teacher and I don’t want to go to prison. I want to be in my classroom today, that’s where I was this morning when I was arrested.’

‘I love my school, with its motto Res Non Verba, actions not words, but I am here today because I said I would not call a boy a girl.’

Enoch’s siblings Ammi and Josiah Burke seen outside an Irish court in October 2023. The pair have been vocal in their support of Enoch

When the case went to the High Court the following week, Mr Burke, who was representing himself, maintained that he would not purge his contempt of court for violating the order, insisting that he was being persecuted for his faith. 

When asked by Judge Eileen Roberts if he would abide by the order, Burke said: ‘I cannot do that. I go back to jail as a law-abiding citizen of the state always. But God first.’ 

Addressing the court, Mr Burke said: ‘The question is not will I purge my contempt but how this court order could have been granted?

‘The court is asking me to purge my contempt, but this court has robbed me of my constitutional right. It was wrong what the court did. How can I purge my contempt of that which is wrong?’

But Judge Eileen Roberts disagreed with his argument. The teacher was escorted out of the court to prison by three prison guards to loud applause from the public gallery with many hollering: ‘The country is with you Enoch.’

Enoch Burke’s brother and mother Martina seen outside Mountjoy Prison, where the teacher has been jailed since September. Enoch has been told he will be released when he agrees to comply with the court order

Enoch Burke’s supporters seen holding signs outside of Wilson’s Hospital School in County Westmeath last night

Dozens of people packed the public gallery shouting ‘disgrace’ and ‘shame’ following the judge’s decision.

The teacher served over 100 days before being released on 21 December 2022 on an ‘open-ended- basis.

Eventual Dismissal and €15,000 fine

On 18 January 2023, Enoch and his family interrupted a school board meeting, which was being held at the Mullingar Park Hotel in Westmeath.

During the meeting, the board heard Ms McShane’s report into Mr Burke’s misconduct. 

Pictured: Enoch Burke seen outside Wilson’s Hospital School in Co Westmeath one week after he was dismissed in January 2023

The family took issue to the fact that chairman John Rogers – who had held the initial meeting with Enoch Burke – was not present. In a High Court hearing, it was revealed that Mr Rogers had not attended the meeting due to illness.

The Burkes could reportedly be heard chanting in the hallway: ‘It’s a sham. It’s a cover-up.’ 

Gardaí had to escort board members from a Mullingar hotel while they were being followed by members of Burke’s family 

Two days later, it was announced that Enoch had officially been dismissed from his position at the school for for intimidating and harassing a colleague and breaching the confidence of the child who was in the process of transitioning.

At the time, a statement from the school read: ‘He was informed in person at 3:30pm this afternoon in the presence of chairperson of the board of management John Rogers and principal Frank Milling that he was dismissed.’ 

Pictured: Enoch’s father held up a sign outside the school last night reading: ‘Christmas in Mountjoy for Christian teacher’

One week later, the High Court ruled that Burke would be fined €700 a day if he continued ignoring the court order which requires him to stay away from the school. 

Mr Burke appealed the board’s decision to dismiss him – which resulted in the case going to the Irish High Court in March 2023.

Mr Justice Owens excluded the teacher on the first day after he continually interrupted proceedings and refused to comply with rules.

Scenes of pandemonium broke out at the Court of Appeal, as Enoch Burke, his parents and three of his siblings were physically dragged out of the courtroom by gardaí. 

Enoch’s mother, Martina Burke, accused the judges of ‘bowing to the altar of transgenderism’ while waving a copy of the Constitution. 

His sister Ammi Burke, a solicitor, also attempted to argue with the judges mid-ruling, saying her brother’s constitutional rights were not being upheld.

Judge Birmingham asked her to sit down, and then requested that gardaí remove her from the courtroom.

Pictured: Enoch’s sister Ammi Burke is forcibly removed from the Court of Appeal in March 2023 for interrupting a judgement being read out

During the hearing, Freda Malone said the school was concerned for the transgender student’s safety and feared Mr Burke would continue making public protests in front of other students.

Meanwhile, Mr Galligan discussed Burke’s initial outburst at the staff meeting and his repeated attempts to remove the teacher from the premises during his suspension.

Following the hearing, Justice Owens made an order restraining Burke from trespassing on the school premises – but noted that this did not prevent him from being outside the gates.

In July, Burke was ordered to pay €15,000 to Wilson’s Hospital School to cover their legal fees and for damages.

Appearing before Justice Alexander Owens, Burke said that objecting to people being transgender was his right. 

Indefinite prison sentence 

Enoch Burke seen outside Wilson’s Hospital School in County Westmeath after following a bus through the school gates. The school’s new headteacher Frank Milling said that having to lock doors was creating a health and safety issue for faculty

In September, Enoch Burke was jailed for a second time after refusing to comply with the High Court order.

The school’s new headteacher Frank Milling said that having to lock doors was creating a health and safety issue for faculty. 

On top of this, the headteacher said he was unable to carry out some of his everyday duties as he has to monitor Burke – who has been known to follow cars through the gates.

After gaining access by following a bus in January, Mr Milling – who has expressed concern for how the situation is impacting current students – told Burke: ‘Stop. Stop. Get off the property.’  

Despite being removed from the premises by two uniformed gardaí, Burke returned to the gates following his release later that same day. 

Speaking at the gates, Burke told local press that he had been ‘wrongfully arrested’ for trespassing and insisted he has ‘broken no laws’ and ‘done nothing wrong’, the Irish Independent reports.

Former history and German teacher Enoch Burke seen arriving at the Four Courts in Dublin after being dismissed by the school

Justice Mark Heslin said there was ‘no dispute’ that Burke has ‘fragrantly breached’ court orders to stay away from the school.

As a result, the judge ordered that Burke remain in prison ‘indefinitely’ until he agrees to follow the court order and not return to his old workplace.

After finding Burke to be in contempt of court, Justice Mark Heslin asked the teacher on three occasions if he understood the order against him. However, Burke remained silent. 

Burke was returned to Mountjoy Prison – where he spent his first prison sentence – and was told he could be released if he agreed to stay away from the school. The former teacher has been imprisoned at the facility since 8 September and has been participating in court hearings via video link.

In November, Enoch’s father Sean and brother Isaac were physically removed from the Court of Appeal for interrupting Justice John Edwards. This case Simeon Burke being convicted of a public order offence.

He later told Enoch Burke that he is his ‘own worst enemy’ for being similarly disruptive in the courtroom.  

Last week, Enoch’s mother Martina and sister Ammi were removed from the Court of Appeal after they began shouting at barristers and the judge upon entry.

The pair demanded that Eoin Lawlor BL – who is acting as the counsel for the Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission – leave the courtroom.

On top of this, they accused the court of ‘making a fool’ of Enoch and said it was ‘corrupt’ that the teacher had to contribute via video-link while Lawlor was present.

Last night, Enoch’s family protested outside the Wilson’s Hospital School, which was hosting their annual carol concert.

His mother held a sign reading: ‘Enoch Burke stood for school ethos and is in Mountjoy for Christmas.’

His brother’s sign read: ‘Enoch Burke jailed for his Christian belief.’ ‘Christmas in Mountjoy for Christian teacher,’ his father’s sign read. 

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